Which of the following drugs is listed as Schedule IV in the material?

• A. Diphenhydramine
• B. Caffeine
• C. Choral Hydrate
• D. Melatonin

Answer: (C)

Drug scheduling classifies substances by abuse potential, medical use, and safety. Schedule IV includes drugs that have a legitimate medical use but carry a lower, yet real, risk of added abuse and dependence compared with higher schedules. Chloral hydrate fits this category as a sedative-hypnotic with accepted medical use, but it has a recognized potential for abuse and dependence, which places it in Schedule IV. The other options—diphenhydramine, caffeine, and melatonin—are not controlled substances on the federal schedule, so they are not listed in Schedule IV.